Two of the implant types are identical in design except that one of the implant types (SW) has a rougher acid etched surface versus the smooth, machined non acid etched surface of the other (B). The 3 implant types, B, SW and SC, are paralleled, screw endosseous and are composed of commercially pure titanium. Standardized radiographs of the osseous healing around the abutment-implant interface were taken at 12 months after prostheses insertion and are to be taken presently at 15 years or more after prostheses insertion using the same standardized protocol and equipment. All subjects had Type 2 or Type 3 mandibular bone quality in this area and specifically requested a fixed removable complete dental prosthesis over the mandibular implants accompanied by a conventional complete removable maxillary prosthesis. of buccal-lingual bone width in the anterior mandibular region between the mental foramina. All subjects were skeletal class I intermaxillary relationship and had at least 1 cm of bone height between the superior and inferior cortical tables as well as at least 6 mm. All subjects were aged between 25 and 56 years, were in excellent physical and mental health, non smokers, not taking any prescribed medication, not suffering from TMJ or facial pain abnormalities and were treated with complete removable dental prostheses of both jaws for at least one year. Each subject was randomly assigned to receive 5 mandibular endosseous implants of 3 types (B, SW, SC). Between 19, 58 subjects were enrolled in a randomised, short and long term superiority single centre prospective clinical trial.

Type 3 mandibular bone height